Blood clot formation is the body’s natural way to help seal blood vessel injuries. On a biological level, blood clots occur when components in the blood (such as platelets) stick to one another and cause semi-solid masses.  These masses can range from small microscopic fragments to large-volume cords within blood vessels. Large-volume blood clots can develop in the peripheral veins and lead to deep venous thrombosis (DVT).

DVTs occur in nearly 1 million individuals in the US per year (1-2 individuals in every 1000). Progression of a DVT leading to VTE complications occurs in nearly 100 individuals per 100,000. Sudden death occurs in 25% of individuals that develop PE, and up to 30% die within 1 month. Key measures can be taken to prevent DVT extension and risk of VTE, including early and effective diagnosis, as well as treatment with blood-thinning medication.

It is sometimes natural to develop some mild swelling in the lower extremities. However, if the symptoms are persistent, progressive, and/or associated with dull aching pains in the lower legs, calves, or behind the knees, then additional diagnostic testing would be beneficial.

If you have risk factors, discuss with your doctor ways to decrease these risk factors, as well as what DVT symptoms to be on the lookout for. Establishing this framework with your doctor will be valuable in your subsequent visits in case you develop any concerning symptoms. In the event that there are concerning symptoms, being mindful of when they occur, what alleviates and aggravates them, and other physical characteristics will help in your conversation with your doctor, and in your accurate and prompt diagnosis.

Individuals with DVT are at risk of developing life-threating PE, which in nearly 50% of individuals can manifest with sudden shortness of breath, shortness of breath with exertion, stabbing chest pains that are worse with breathing, feeling lightheadedness, or having heart palpitations or irregular heartbeats.

First, recognition of your risk factors and how to decrease them is a key preventative point. This includes smoking cessation, appropriate weight management, regular exercise, and avoiding long periods of recumbency or lack of movement. On long car or plane rides, regular walking and stretching of the legs can help prevent venous stasis and blood clot formation. Individuals with underlying genetic predisposition factors, who have either had prior DVTs or will encounter episodes of planned recumbency (following surgery), may benefit for short treatment courses with blood thinners. 

Prevention and early detection are key in the prevention of complications related to DVTs. If you or a family member are worried about your risk of DVT, please consult with your doctor and perform regular self-checks.